Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin calls for stronger privacy protections amid AI centralization concerns

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has renewed calls for stronger privacy protections across emerging crypto and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies.

In an April 14 blog post, Buterin argued that privacy is not just a personal right but a vital safeguard for decentralization, innovation, and freedom.

He wrote:

“Supporting privacy for everyone, and making the necessary tools open source, universal, reliable and safe is one of the important challenges of our time.”

Buterin stressed that privacy allows us to act freely without constantly second-guessing how others, whether governments, platforms, or algorithms, might judge or respond.

He further explained how he believes privacy is essential for supporting the systems of society that rely on confidentiality to function correctly.

Moreover, with better tools for controlling information sharing, privacy can unlock new opportunities for technological and social progress.

He concluded:

“Privacy can no longer be ignored.”

AI’s growing role in data centralization

Buterin highlighted that centralization often stems from control over information.

In his view, whoever owns the data ultimately wields the power. This imbalance threatens the foundational ideals of blockchain and other decentralized systems.

While data ownership concerns commonly focus on censorship or de-platforming, Buterin warned of deeper issues emerging from AI-driven systems.

According to him, AI is accelerating the centralization of data collection and analysis. The problem is compounded by the increasing amount of personal information individuals share online, sometimes unknowingly.

As technologies like brain-computer interfaces develop, Buterin cautioned that future privacy breaches could go beyond metadata to include thoughts and intentions.

He said:

“In the near future, we will probably see people making AI products that make even deeper intrusions into privacy: passively collecting your internet browsing patterns, email and chat history, biometric data, and more. In theory, your data stays private to you. In practice, this does not always seem to be the case.”

Buterin acknowledged that even well-intentioned centralization can lead to instability. Governments or corporations may misuse or sell sensitive data, and systems designed to be secure are always vulnerable to internal abuse or external attacks.

He also warned that shifts in political regimes could alter how data is handled overnight.

However, he pointed out that modern cryptographic tools offer new hope to counter these events. Technologies such as zero-knowledge proofs (ZK-SNARKs), fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), and obfuscation techniques make it possible to safeguard user data without sacrificing functionality or trust.

For instance, ZK-SNARKs allow individuals to prove their trustworthiness without revealing their identity, while FHE enables data computation without exposing the actual data.

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